FWIW, LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 Home Edition was crashing on startup (latest Mac OS X Sierra du jour: 10.12.6 16G1113) — presumably (from callisto's answer) because my installed version of Mono was too recent. I uninstalled Mono by typing the following commands in a Terminal:
sudo rm -rf /Library/Frameworks/Mono.framework
sudo pkgutil --forget com.xamarin.mono-MDK.pkg
sudo rm -rf /etc/paths.d/mono-commands
Afterwards, I uninstalled and reinstalled LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 Home Edition from its official source and I could successfully run it. FWIW, the version of Mono that LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 Home Edition installs for itself is 2.10.9:
# ls -l /Library/Frameworks/Mono.framework/Versions/
total 8
drwxrwxr-x 12 root wheel 408 8 mai 2012 2.10.9
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 6 25 nov 12:46 Current -> 2.10.9